Working with old software versions is a common problem.Therefore server software and application upgrades are a necessity.But servers and applications upgrades are often a nightmare.This page gives You a rescue!You'll find useful tables with releases, compatibility matrix,upgrade path, suggestions, ... and links!Does Your server stink? Check it with the help of the following tables! Never more without (Database): SQLite MySQL MariaDB PostgreSQL Oracle RDBMS Supported Releases Unix certification matrix SQL*Net Interoperability JDBC Drivers Oracle Application Server Oracle Developer / Oracle Forms SQL Server DB2 SQL NoSQL: Hadoop MongoDB Never more without (OS): Unix: Solaris HP-UX True64 AIX macOS Linux: Debian Ubuntu Red Hat Suse Microsoft: Windows Mobile: iOS Android MS Phone Kindle ... Hypervisors: VMware VirtualBox Xen OVM KVM Cloud (AWS vSphere XenCloud ...) Never more without (Web): Browsers Web Servers Application Servers CMS ERP: Oracle eBS JD Edwards SAP BAAN Pentaho Asterisk Zabbix Grafana Power Links: OS: IBM Sun HP Red Hat SUSETools:Symantec DB: Oracle (Doc Metalink) SQLite MySQL PostgreSQL AS: Oracle AS Apache JBoss Languages: Cobol Microfocus Business Object Genealogy: UnixLinux Win. Browsers Lang. (Col.) Wikipedia: Unix Windows ... Other: Linux Map Security: NVD by NIST CVE From Meo's White Papers: C'era una volta Oracle Oracle JDBC Drivers Oracle Application Server 10g Oracle EBS MySQL MySQL 4 Oracle DBAs PostgreSQL "Hello world!"... ditelo coi fiori La rivoluzione del Software Libero Unix: Stele di Rosetta Linux RH OEL AIX HP-UX Solarisby mail@meo.bogliolo.nameIMPORTANT: see Copyright Notice Il software e' come il pesce: dopo un poco puzza... devi aggiornarlo!In questa pagina ho raccolto le versioni dei sistemi operativi, database ed ambientisu cui tipicamente lavoro e che debbo tenere aggiornati. I commenti sono anche in inglese perche' la stragrandemaggioranza delle sorgenti di informazione dirette sono in inglese... compreso questo documento!Il tuo server puzza? Controllalo con l'aiuto delle tabelle seguenti!SQLite Only a few know... but SQLite is the most used Relational Database.SQlite can be easly embedded in applications written in all languages and does not have any management process or task.It's embedded in browsers (eg. Firefox, Chrome, ...), in Mobile OS (iOS, Android, Windows Phone, BlackBerry, ...), in OS (Mac OS X, Solaris, ...), ... an impressive list is reported here: (Sources: ReleasesTimelineWikipedia) Version Status Features Last release Date (from) Date (last) Notes 3.40ProductionQuery planner enhancements, random generator changed from RC4 to Chacha20,indexes can have the same name when in separate schemata 3.40.12022-112022-12 3.39ProductionRIGHT and FULL OUTER JOIN support, defer materializing views, HAVING allowed even without GROUP BY 3.39.42022-062022-09 3.38ProductionEnhancements to JSON functions and operators, unixepoch(), query planner enhancements,columnar output new options: wrap, wordwrap, quote 3.38.52022-022022-05 3.37Production STRICT tables, PRAGMA table_list 3.37.22021-112022-01 3.36Production Easier EXPLAIN PLAN 3.36.02021-062021-06 3.35Production Builtin math functions, ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN, generalized UPSERT. 3.35.52021-032021-04 3.34Production Recursive CTE with two or more terms 3.34.12020-122021-01 3.33ProductionUPDATE FROM 3.33.02020-082020-08 3.32Productioniif() 3.32.32020-052020-06 3.31ProductionGenerated columns 3.31.12020-012020-01 3.30ProductionNULL [FIRSTLAST] in ORDER BY 3.30.12019-102019-10 3.29Productionsqlite_dbdata virtual table 3.29.02019-072019-07 3.28ProductionEnhanced window functions (EXCLUDE, GROUP frames, PRECEDING and FOLLOWING) 3.28.02019-042019-04 3.27ProductionVACUUM INTO 3.27.22019-022019-02 3.26ProductionOptimized UPDATES 3.26.02018-122018-12 3.25ProductionWindow functions 3.25.32018-092018-11 3.24ProductionUPSERT, improved format of the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN 3.24.02018-062018-06 3.23ProductionTRUE and FALSE constants, query optimizer enhancements 3.23.12018-042018-04 3.22ProductionZip virtual table, trace all statement in triggers 3.22.02018-012018-01 3.21ProductionOptimizations 3.21.02017-102017-10 3.20ProductionNew pointer passing interface, enhancements to the command-line shell 3.20.12017-082017-08 3.19Production Flattening optimization 3.19.32017-052017-06 3.18Production LIKE optimization, PRAGMA optimize 3.18.22017-032017-06 3.17ProductionR-Tree Performance 3.17.02017-022017-02 3.16ProductionPerformance, experimental support fof PRAGMA functions 3.16.22017-012017-01 3.15Productionrow values, .check and .testcase commands 3.15.22016-102016-11 3.14ProductionWITHOUT ROWID virtual tables 3.14.22016-082016-09 3.13ProductionPostpone TEMP I/O, new options 3.13.02016-052016-05 3.12ProductionParser and Optimizer enhancements 3.12.22016-032016-04 3.11ProductionMany micro-optimizations, autoexplain in shell 3.11.12016-022016-03 3.10ProductionFixes, performance optimizations. LIKE, REGEXP on virtual tables. 3.10.22016-012016-02 3.9Production JSON1 extension, indexes on expression, table functions in FROM, eponymous virtual tables 3.9.32015-102016-04 3.8Production NGQP (Next Generation Query Planner) which uses N3 (N Nearest Neighbors) instead of NN (Nearest Neighbor) (3.8.1) STAT4 (3.8.3 2014-08-15) .fullschema command, readfile() and writefile() functions 3.8.11.12013-082015-07 3.7Production WAL (write-ahead logging) with better concurrency 3.7.172010-072013-05 3.6ProductionChanges in VFS (Virtual File System) interface 3.6.23.12008-082010-03 3.5ProductionChanges in the OS interface 3.5.92007-102008-05 3.4ProductionIncremental BLOB I/O, Incremental vacuum, full-text search extensions 3.4.22007-062007-08 3.3Production CHECK constraints, IF [NOT] EXISTS clause, DESC indices, optional READ UNCOMMITTED isolation 3.3.172006-012007-04 3.2ProductionADD COLUMN 3.2.82005-032005-12 3.1ProductionAutovacuum, CURRENT_TIME, CURRENT_DATE, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, RENAME TABLE, LIKE... ESCAPE, ... 3.1.62005-022005-03 3.0ProductionAtomic commits, BLOB, UTF-8, 64-bit rowid, ... 3.0.82004-092004-10 2.xProductionPublic domain release. B-tree 2.8.172001-092005-12 1.0ProductionFirst release based on gdbm (hash). Dynamic typing 1.0.322000-082001-07 Alpha 2000-052000-08Upgrading is generally painless.The database is binary compatible in most upgrades. MySQL MySQL is the most known Open Source RDBMS.It's light but powerful and fast. Probably the best for web applications.MySQL support and additional tools are available with a subscription.(Sources: Release notes 8.0,5.7;Repositories,Download,Platforms,Support,Wikipedia) Version Status Features Last release Date (from) Date (to) Notes MySQL 8.0 Production Roles, password history, InnoDB tables for the data dictionary, invisible indexes, descending indexes, window functions (OVER), common table expression (WITH), expressions in column default, support for spatial reference systems (SRSs), SQL/MM compliance. New caching_sha2_password authentication plugin as default. Limited backward compatibity. Desupport: Query Cache, MyISAM partitioning, GRANT for user creation, ... (8.0.13 2018-10): password_require_current. (8.0.14 2019-01): dual password, innodb_parallel_read_threads, requires mysql_upgrade! (8.0.15 2019-02): ipv6 group replication support. (8.0.16 2019-04): automatic mysql_upgrade, group replication autorejoin. (8.0.29 2022-04): MySQL Operator for Kubernetes. ALGORITHM=INSTANT as default for DDL [NdA can cause corruption: version retired] 8.0.322018-042023-04 PS2026-04 ESSuggestedMySQL 5.7 Production InnoDB enhancements (temporary tablespace, DDL performance, spatial data types, in-place ALTER TABLE resize, native partitioning, page compression, ...); native support for JSON datatype; better syslog logging; Control-C does not quit mysql client; security enhancements; replication enhancements (eg. multi master, enhanched GTID); performance_schema: metadata_locks, threads; SYS schema. (5.7.17 2016-12): Group Replication and, with MySQL Router 2.1.3 (2017-04) InnoDB Cluster. (5.7.18 2017-04): latest to support RH 5 and Ubuntu 12.04, on Solaris 11 requires upd. 3. (5.7.23 2018-07): requires mysql_upgrade! InnoDB CVE fixes, caching_sha2_password support (client can connect to 8.0). (5.7.26 2019-04): latest to support SUSE 11. 5.7.412015-102020-10 PS2023-10 ESSuggestedMySQL 5.6Production Host Cache infos; Full text search on InnoDB; Fractional Seconds; ignore-db-dir; Performance and scalability (condition pushdown to engine, better statistics for InnoDB, persistence on restart, ...); INFORMATION_SCHEMA (OPTIMIZER_TRACE, INNODB_METRICS, INNODB_SYS_TABLES, ...); explicit partition selection; NoSQL memcached API; Replication enhancements (multithreaded slaves, crash safe slaves, checksums, server UUIDs, delaying replicas); PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA enhancements; ... (5.6.36 2017-04): latest to support RH 5 and Ubuntu 12.04. 5.6.512013-022018-01 PS2021-01 ES MySQL 5.5ProductionSemi-synchronous replication, Performance Schema, SIGNAL/RESIGNAL, LOAD XML, InnoDB 1.1 as default engine, INFORMATION_SCHEMA (INNODB_TRX, INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS, ...), Interface: Plugin->Builtin 5.5.622010-122015-12 PS2018-12 ES MySQL 5.4BetaInno DB multiprocessor optimizations (Sun Solaris), Plugin interface5.4.1 MySQL 6.0AlphaFalcon Storage Engine, Referential integrity,Unicode6.0.11 MySQL 5.1ProductionROW and MIXED replication, partitioning, loggin on tables, scheduler, table compression, Cluster enhancements. (5.1.7) INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROCESSLIST5.1.732008-112013-12 MySQL 5.0ProductionCatalog (INFORMATION_SCHEMA), Views, Archive and Federated Engines, Stored Routines and triggers, ANSI SQL:20035.0.962005-102011-12 MySQL 4.1ProductionStronger login security, Subqueries, Data Clustering, NDB Engine4.1.22 2004-102009-12 MySQL 4.0ProductionUnion, savepoint (InnoDB)4.0.272003-032008-09 MySQL 3.23ProductionMyISAM Engine (3.23.0), Asynchronous Replication (3.23.15), FULLTEXT indexes (3.23.23), InnoDB Engine (3.23.34) with transaction support and (3.23.44) foreign keys 3.23.58 2001-012006-12 MySQL 3.22Beta1998 MySQL 3.21Production1998 MySQL 3.20ProductionAvailable also on Windows1997 MySQL 3.19Production1996 InternalAlphaFirst internal release based on ISAM mSQL engine (same API)1995MySQL updates are performed quarterly(they generally occurr near the Oracle PSU/RU release schedule.Last update: 2023-01-17).MySQL updates are generally smooth and fast!Major release changes require to execute the mysql_upgrade command while minor updates require a restart only.Take care of old PHP libraries (the authentication protocol changed in 4.1 and in 8.0 versions)and of deprecated parameters.SUN acquired MySQL on 2008-02, Oracle acquired SUN on 2009-04.Important MySQL forks are:Percona Server binary data compatible with MySQL,same MySQL releases,Addons: powerful XtraDB Storage Engine, intrumentation and tools;andMariaDB initially binary data compatible with MySQLbut now the releases are different.WebScaleSQL was a branch from MySQL 5.6 communityfor large scale environments but now it seems abandoned (last commit 2015-12).MySQL does not support obsolete OS:(2018-05) Debian 7; (2018-04) Windows 8; (2017-12) Fedora 25; (2017-04) RHEL 5.x, Ubuntu 12.4; (2016-06) Windows 7, Windows Server 2008; ...For EOL OS binaries are not longer published (eg. RHEL 5.x latest MySQL versions are 5.7.18, 5.6.36, 5.5.55).AWS offers on RDSboth MySQL andAurora MySQLwhich is a cloud optimized MySQL compatible DB(Aurora MySQL 1.x is compatible with MySQL 5.6 while Aurora MySQL 2.x is compatible with MySQL 5.7.Latest versions are 1.x, 2.x, 3.x). MariaDB MariaDB was created in 2009 by Michael "Monty" Widenius, one of MySQL founders; he created MariaDB as soon as MySQL was acquired by Oracle Corp.MariaDB used the same MySQL versioning initially then they changed approach forking 5.5 release,adding new features and backporting intresting MySQL features. MariaDB supports more storage engines than MySQL.(Sources: ReleasesMySQL compatibilityChanges (10.6)Release note (10.6.11)End of life) Version Status Features Last release Date (from) Date (last) Date (to) Notes 10.11 RC 10.11.12022-092022-1210.10 Production Change defaults for GTID-based replication, improved optimization of joins with many tables,UCA-14.0.0 collations, INET4 data type, ... Deprecation: DES_ENCRYPT/DECRYPT 10.10.22022-112022-112023-11Short term release10.9 Production JSON_OVERLAPS, range notation for JSONPath 10.9.42022-082022-112023-08Short term release10.8 Production IN, OUT and INOUT parameters for stored procedures, autocreate partitions, JSON Histograms,ALTER TABLE without lag in replicas 10.8.62022-052022-112023-05Short term release10.7 Production Provider plugins for data compression, sformat() function, convert partition,password reuse, several JSON functions, MySQL syntax for multisource replication 10.7.72022-022022-112023-03(1y after GA)Short term release10.6 Production LTS. Ignoring indexes, sys schemata, ...Desupport: TokuDB, CassandraSE, SYS_DATAFILES 10.6.112021-072022-112026-07Suggested10.5 Production INSERT/REPLACE... RETURNING, ALTER TABLE... RENAME, S3 Engine, ColumnStore (Beta),mariadb commands (symlinked with mysql), ... 10.5.182020-062022-112025-06Suggested10.4 Production New authentication, mysql.global_priv table, optimizer trace, instant DROP COLUMN, Galera 4, ... InnoDB fork (for all releases) 10.4.272019-062022-112024-06Suggested10.3 Production Based on MariaDB 10.2, diverges from MySQL.Sequences, row type for stored routines, delete from subquery, proxy protocol, Oracle's PL/SQL language compatibility mode,MyRocks and Spider Engines, invisible columns, temporal tables (AS OF), ... (10.3.9 2018-08): InnoDB 5.7.23, CVE fixes 10.3.372018-052022-112023-05 (5y after GA)Suggested10.2 Production Based on MariaDB 10.1 with backported features from MySQL 5.6 and 5.7. New features: window functions (OVER), common table expression (WITH), DECIMAL(38), multiple triggers, JSON and GeoJSON functions support, CHECK constraints, InnoDB 5.7.18 (but shows 5.7.14), expressions in column default. (10.2.13 2018-02): InnoDB 5.7.21, fixed a WSREP serius bug (10.2.17 2018-08): InnoDB 5.7.23, CVE fixes 10.2.442017-052022-052022-05Suggested 10.1ProductionBased on MariaDB 10.0 with backported features from MySQL 5.6 and 5.7. New features: Galera; Table/Tablespace/Log Encryption, AWS Key Management Service; InnoDB compression; GIS 10.1.482015-102020-082020-10 10.0ProductionBased on MariaDB 5.5 with backported features from MySQL 5.6. New features: Roles, Audit Plugin, TokuDB Engine, Parallel Replication, Multi source Replication, GTID (NB different from MySQL), Information and Performance schemata as MySQL 5.6. 10.0.382014-032019-012019-03 5.5ProductionBased on MySQL 5.5 and MariaDB 5.3. Performance schema. 5.5.682012-042020-052020-04Suggested 5.3ProductionBased on MariaDB 5.2, some features backported from MySQL 6.0. Better subquery performances. 5.3.122012-022013-012017-03 5.2ProductionBased on MariaDB 5.1. New features: virtual columns, pluggable authentication. 5.2.142010-112013-012015-11 5.1ProductionBased on the corresponding version of MySQL with some added features:Aria Engine, XtraDB Engine, microseconds in processlist 5.1.672010-022013-012015-02AWS offers MariaDB on RDS.MySQL JDBC Support (Connector/J) (Sources: Connector/J 8.0Connectors) Version MySQL Server Features Java RTE Date (from) Last release Last release date Notes Connector/J 8.0 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 8.0 JDBC 4.2 API, X DevAPI. 1.8 2018-048.0.172019-07 Suggested Connector/J 5.1 4.1, 5.0, 5.1, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7 JDBC 3.0, JDBC 4.0. Driver Manager autoregistration,NCHAR, NVARCHAR, NCLOB, JDBC-4.0 XML.(5.1.21) Java 1.7 support, JDBC 4.1 better support.(5.1.37) JDBC 4.2 better support.(5.1.46) MySQL 8.0 support. 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8 2007-045.1.482019-07 Suggested Connector/J 5.0 4.1, 5.0 JDBC 3.0. Full support for MySQL 5.0 features (XA support) 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 2005-125.0.82007-10 Incompatibilities with 5.6 Connector/J 3.1 4.1, 5.0 JDBC 3.0. Almost all MySQL 5.0 features supported (no XA transactions) 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 2004-023.1.142006-10 Connector/J 3.0 3.x, 4.1 JDBC 3.0 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6 2002-073.0.172005-06 BAD (security problems) Connector/J 2.0 3.x JDK 1.2, JDK 2.0 2000-042.0.142002-05 Connector/J 1 3.x JDK 1.1 1998-051.2b1999-07 They are all type 4 (100% pure java) JDBC drivers.TLSv1 and TLSv1.1 deprecated in Connector/J 8.0.26 and removed in 8.0.28MariaDB mantaines different LGPLMariaDB Connector/J drivers.phpMyAdmin phpMyAdmin is the most known and used administration tool for MySQL.Open Source, powerful, available on 72 languages, ... rated as "Best Tool or Utility for SysAdmins"(Sources: News,Downloads page,Wikipedia) Version Status Features Last release Date (from) Date (last) Notes 5.2 Production Requirements: PHP 7.2, MySQL 5.5+. 5.2.02022-052022-05 5.1 Production Requirements: PHP 7.1, MySQL 5.5+.Improvements to linking to documentation for both MySQL and MariaDB. Preview SQL. ALTER ONLINE, ... 5.1.42021-022022-05 5.0 Production Requirements: PHP 7.1, MySQL 5.5+. Enable columns names by default for CSV exports (at last ;-) 5.0.42019-122020-10 4.9 Production LTS to support PHP 5.5-7.0 4.9.102019-062022-02 4.8 Production Requirements: same as previuous release. 4.8.52018-042019-01 4.7 Production Requirements: PHP 5.5 to 7.1, MySQL 5.5+ (4.7.1): support for 8.0 collations 4.7.92017-032017-12 4.6 Production Requirements: PHP 5.5 to 7.0, MySQL 5.5+ 4.6.62016-032017-01 4.5 Production Requirements: PHP 5.5 to 7.0, MySQL 5.5+ 4.5.5.12015-092016-02 4.4 Production Requirements: PHP 5.3.7 to 7.0, MySQL 5.5+ 4.4.15.102015-042017-01 4.3ProductionSQL preview, Drag&Drop import, zeroconf PMA tables, support for both old and new chart formats, better performance with thousands databases, ... Desupport: MySQL 4.3.13.32014-122015-09 4.2ProductionExport and Import enhancements, Edit privilege with sub-menus, ...Requirements: PHP 5.3+, MySQL 5.5+ (2014-12 4.2.13.1): last release 4.2.13.22014-052015-06 4.1ProductionFractional seconds, new DB in nav tree, HTLM5 enhancements, better table browser, ...Requirements: PHP 5.3+, MySQL 5.5+ 4.1.14.82013-122014-12 4.0ProductionTree view of schemas, removed HTML frames, changed chart format.LTS to support PHP 5.2-5.4.Requirements: PHP 5.2+ (does not support PHP 5.5+), MySQL 5.0+ 4.0.10.202013-052017-04 3ProductionEVENT, TRIGGER support (3.4) Ajax interface, Charts (3.5) Better Ajax interfaceRequirements: PHP 5.2+, MySQL 5.0+ 3.5.8.22008-112013-07 2ProductionMany layout changes, new functionalities.(2.4 2003-02): MySQL 4 privileges (2.6 2004-09): MySQL 4.1 support(2.11 2007-08): MySQL 5.0 support for trigger, procedures, and functionsRequirements: PHP 4.2, MySQL 3.23.32+ 2.11.11.31999-042011-02 1ProductionPHP 3 1.3.11998-091998-12MySQL phpMyAdmin Compatibility Matrix phpMyAdmin MySQL 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.x 2.6-2.9 2.4-2.5 2.0-2.3 1 8.0 Yes Partial 5.7 Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial Partial 5.6 Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial Partial 5.5 Yes Yes Yes Yes Partial Partial 5.1 No No No No Yes Yes Partial 5.0 No No No No Yes Yes Partial 4.1 No No No No No Yes Yes Partial 4.0 No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Partial 3.x No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes MySQL and phpMyAdmin have a lot of functionalities...things are not as simple as the previous matrix seems to suggest.Galera Cluster for MySQL Galera is an Open Source Cluster for MySQL based on multi-master synchronous replication.Galera Cluster for MySQL is available for both Oracle MySQL Community, MariaDB, and Percona.In MariaDB 10.1 and later, the MySQL-wsrep patch has been merged into MariaDB Server.(Sources: Galera Cluster, Git Hub Launchpad (old) MariaDB) Version Status Features Last release Date (from) Date (last) Notes 4 Production Huge transaction support with streaming replication,new system tables to help monitoring, backup locks, ... First release for MariaDB 10.4 onlyPlanned: non blocking DDL, ...(2020-05): available on MySQL 8.0.19 tooLatest (2022-11): Galera 4 for MySQL 8.0.30 with wsrep Patch Version 26.11 4-26.4.132019-062022-11Suggested 3ProductionSupport for MySQL 5.6, Wan optimizations, MySQL 5.6 GTID support,Async compatibility, new write set key format;(2017-02) MySQL 5.7 support (5.7.17). Desupport: MySQL 5.1.(wsrep patch 25.25): last for MySQL 5.5 (5.5.62)(wsrep patch 25.33): last for MySQL 5.6 (5.6.51)Latest (2022-10):Galera 3 for MySQL 5.7.39 with wsrep Patch Version 25.31;last release for:MySQL 5.6.51 with wsrep Patch Version 25.33;MySQL 5.5.62 with wsrep Patch Version 25.25 3-25.3.372013-112022-10Suggested 2 Production Incremental state transfer (IST).Schema upgrades: Total Order Isolation (TOI) or Rolling Schema Upgrade (RSU). 2-25.2.92012-102014-03 1 Production Foreign keys. Writeset cache. 1.2011-102012-02 0 Production (0.7): DDL Support.(0.8): SST Scripts. 0.8.220092011-09sysbench Sysbench is the de-facto standard for MySQL benchmarks.(Sources: GitHub) Version Status Features Last release Date (from) Date (last) Notes 1.0ProductionOfficial release refactoring updates since 4.12:Lua scripting, new command line sintax, better scalability and internal performances,error hooks, report hooks, latency histograms, custom commands, ... 1.0.202017-022020-04Suggested 0.5ProductionNot an official release... Lua scripting; --mysql-ignore-errors option 20062017-02 0.4ProductionMany improvments. Oracle Driver. (0.4.12 2016): broadly adopted by linux distros 0.4.122005-072017-02 0.3Old 2005-012005 OldDeveloped as an internal tool 20042004PostgreSQL PostgreSQL is a powerful Open Source Object/Relational Database Management System.It has more than 20 years of active development and a proven architecturethat has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, data integrity, and correctness.It runs on all major operating systems.(Sources:Official SiteVersioningFeaturespgPedia) Version Status Features Last release Date (from) Date (to) Notes PostgreSQL 16 Planned Planned features (to be confirmed in 2023-04): SQL/JSON features for v15, 64-bit XIDs,native transparent data encryption, improvements to logical replication, parallelism, partitioning, and vacuuming. 162023-112028-11 PostgreSQL 15 Production MERGE command, server-side compression in backup, logical replication for ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA, logical replication filters,new regexp functions, security_invoker in views, optimized sort algorithms, jsonlog logging format, ...Revoked PUBLIC CREATE from public schema.Desupport: exclusive backup mode, python 2, PG9.2 specific code. 15.12022-102027-11 PostgreSQL 14 Production OUT in Stored procedures, SEARCH and CYCLE options in CTE, subscripting operators on jsonb and hstore,multiranges data type, extended statistics also on expressions,new statistics in pg_stat_database (eg. active_time),reduced bloat on B-tree index after updates, more aggressive VACUUM, libpq query pipeline, LZ4 compression for TOAST,numerous performance improvements on: parallel queries, heavily-concurrent workloads, partitioned tables, logical replication, vacuuming! (14.3 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix. (14.4 2022-06): fixed a bug affecting 14 only (data corruption using CONCURRENTLY). 14.62021-092026-11Suggested PostgreSQL 13 Production Better performance with aggregates and partitioning, parallel VACUUM for indexes, space saving in indexes, new monitoring views, trusted extensions, ... (13.1 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. (13.7 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix. 13.92020-092025-11Suggested PostgreSQL 12 Production Performance improvements on partitioning, decreased WAL usage for indexes,JSON path expressions, stored generated columns, REINDEX CONCURRENTLY, ... Incompatibilites: replication parameters in postgres.conf. (12.5 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. (13.7 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix. 12.132019-102024-11Suggested PostgreSQL 11 Production Improvements to partitioning (by hash, better query pruning,full referential constraint support, upsert, row move, ...),transaction control in PL/pgSQL, SQL stored procedures,enhanched parallelism, full SQL:2011 standard support for window functions,JIT compilation, ... quit and exit in psql! (11.4 2019-06): CVE-2019-10164 fix. (11.10 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. (11.16 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix. 11.182018-102023-11 PostgreSQL 10 Production Built-in Logical Replication, native Table Partitioning, conditional scripting in psql, enhanched Query Parallelism, quorum commit on Synchronous Replication. Driver updates: SCRAM-SHA-256 Authentication, Multi-host failover, Read-only/Read-Write connections. Incompatibilites: directory changes, wal functions renamed, version numbering. Desupport: pg_dump for DB older than 8.0. (10.3 2018-03): CVE-2018-1058 fix. (10.9 2019-06): CVE-2019-10164 fix. (10.15 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. (10.21 2022-05): CVE-2022-1552 fix. 10.232017-102022-11 PostgreSQL 9.6 Production Parallel sequential scans, joins and aggregates;Elimination old data autovacuuming;Synchronous replication on multiple standby servers;Full-text search for phrases;Support for remote joins, sorts, and updates in postgres_fdw;Better multi-core scalability. (9.6.1 2016-10) many bug fixes.Incompatible change: pg_stat_activity.(9.6.8 2018-03): CVE-2018-1058 fix. (9.6.20 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix.This version and the previuos ones are probally affected by CVE-2022-1552 published on 2022-05. 9.6.242016-092021-11 PostgreSQL 9.5 Production INSERT ON CONFLICT UPDATE (UPSERT), Grouping Sets, CUBE and ROLLUP analytic operations,Row-Level Security, better multi-core and large memory scalability. Desupport: PostGIS 2.1. (9.5.2 2016-03): fixed a bug affecting 9.5 only (text indexes optimization). (9.5.12 2018-03): CVE-2018-1058 fix. (9.5.24 2020-11): CVE-2020-25695 fix. 9.5.252016-012021-02 PostgreSQL 9.4Production Native JSON support; new API for managing replication streams; logical WAL decoding; perfomance improvements on GIN indexes; concurrently updatable materialized views; ALTER SYSTEM (postgresql.auto.conf); pg_stat_archiver; security: SSL ECDH key exchange, log_connections shows SSL usage. (9.4.1 2015-02): fixed a bug affecting 9.4 only. (9.4.17 2018-03): CVE-2018-1058 fix. 9.4.262014-122020-02 PostgreSQL 9.3Production Disk page checksum, updatable views, writeable foreign tables, parallel pg_dump, copy freeze, lateral join, materialized views, new functions for JSON, easier switchover with replication. Desupport: PostGIS 2.0. (9.3.2 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed. (9.3.4 2014-03) fixed a seriuos bug affecting 9.3 only. (9.3.22 2018-03) CVE-2018-1058 fix. 9.3.252013-092018-11 PostgreSQL 9.2Production Cascading replication, on-slave backup; performance improvements (index-only scan); new SQL features (range data type, JSON data type). Incompatible change: pg_stat_activity. Desupport: PostGIS 1.5. (9.2.6 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed. 9.2.242012-092017-11 PostgreSQL 9.1 Production Synchronous replication; serializable snapshot; Extensions; per-column collation; unlogged tables; K-nearest-neighbor indexes; SE-Postgres; foreign data wrappers (DB gateway); SQL or PL/PgSQL: CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS, INSTEAD OF triggers on views, FOREACH; ... (9.1.11 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed. 9.1.242011-092016-10 PostgreSQL 9.0 Production Streaming Replication and Hot Standby.GRANT/REVOKE IN SCHEMA for mass permission changes.Enhanched stored procedure support, DO with anonymous blocks, Phyton3.Dereferrable unique contraints for bulk load.64 bit build for WinX. Desupport: PostGIS 1.4 (9.0.15 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed. 9.0.232010-092015-10 PostgreSQL 8.4 Production Performance enhancements (hash index, EXISTS), better free space management, windows functions (OVER clause), CTE (WITH clause), column permission, returns table in functions, ... (8.4.19 2013-12) replication and PITR seriuos bug fixed. 8.4.212009-072014-07 PostgreSQL 8.3UnsupportedVery stable. Full text search, XML, updatable cursors, performance&tuning (eg. asynchronous commit, dedicated writes, default autovacuum) 8.3.232008-022013-02 PostgreSQL 8.2 Unsupported Multirow DML, index DDL during DML (CONCURRENTLY clause), SQL:2003 statistical functions, performance&tuning (eg. fast locking, FILLFACTOR, monitor/logging) 8.2.232006-122011-12 PostgreSQL 8.1 Unsupported 2PC, Role based security, IN/OUT/INOUT SQL function parameters, partitioning (constraint_exclusion param.), autovacuum in core distribution (it was an extension) 8.1.232005-112010-11 PostgreSQL 8.0 Unsupported MS Windows porting, savepoint, point-in-time recovery, tablespaces, Perl server-side language 8.0.262005-012010-10 PostgreSQL 7.0 Unsupported Foreign keys, SQL-92 joins, many optimizer enhanchements; (7.1 2001-04) GiST, TOAST, Outer joins; (7.2 2002-04) not locking vacuum, column histograms in analyze, better password encryption; (7.3 2002-11) schemas, drop column, table functions, prepared queries; (7.4 2003-11) standard information schema, more efficient with: IN, GROUP BY, explicit JOIN, regular expressions, function-inlining, full-text 7.4.302000-052010-10 PostgreSQL 6.0UnsupportedJDBC 2.0, sqlcli.h, SET CONSTRAINTS, plperl 6.5.31997-012004-061.0UnsupportedPostgreSQL: SQL Engine1.0919960UnsupportedPostgres95: SQL interpreter, ANSI C, psql, GNU make0.0319954Unsupported"post" Ingres project at University of California at Berkeley: POSTGRES with Object-Relational features, PostQUEL, BSD make 4.21987PostgreSQL generally has 1 major release and 4 minor releases per year [last on 2022-11-10].The target date for Minor Releases are the second Thursday of February, May, August, and November.Major releases are often released in November.PostgreSQL minor upgrades (eg. 8.4.X to 8.4.X, 13.3 to 13.4) are easy:shutdown the databases, upgrade the software and restart.PostgreSQL major changes (eg. 8.3 to 8.4 or 12 to 13) require a pg_dump/restore.For newest releases a smart and fast upgrade procedure has been provided (pg_upgrade).There are several important tools in the PostgreSQL ecosystem:pgAdmin4 6.17,PgBouncer 1.18.0,Pgpool-II 4.4.0,Odyssey 1.3,Patroni 2.1.4,Slony-I 2.2.11,Citus 11.1.1,ora2pg 23.2, pgBadger 12.0, ...Enterprise DB offers PostgreSQL database for Enterprise usage and paid support (3K$ socket).In addition to the community version two other PostgreSQL versions can be downloaded: Postgres Plus Standard Server: community edition integrated with: pgmemcache, pgBouncer, Slony, PostGIS, pgAgent, graphical installation, ... Open Source Postgres Plus Advanced Server: Standard Server + Oracle compatibility (eg. DBMS_* packages, Oracle dictionary, PL/SQL, DB link, migration studio, ...), DynaTune, SQL/Protect, ... It takes some months after community edition to have an Advanced Server release. The Advanced version is not Open Source and is not free.AWS offers on RDSboth PostgreSQL andAurora PostgreSQLwhich is a cloud optimized PostgreSQL compatible DB(eg. Aurora PostgreSQL 1.1 on 2018-03-21 is compatible with Pg 9.6.6 and has support for orafce extension.Latest versions are AP 1.3 Pg 9.6.9 compatible and AP 2.0 Pg 10.4 compatible). Amazon Redshift, an impressive OLAP database service, is based on Postgres 8.0.2 too[NdA even if there are important differences].PostgreSQL JDBC Support (Source: Postgres Site) Version Postgres Server Features Java RTE Last release Last release date Notes JDBC42 4.5 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10, 11+ JDBC 4.2 1.8 42.5.02022-08 JDBC41 4.2 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10, 11+ JDBC 4.1 1.7 42.2.262022-08 JDBC40 4.2 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.6, 10, 11+ JDBC 4.0 1.6 42.2.262022-08 JDBC42 9.4 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 JDBC 4.2 1.7, 1.8 9.4-12122016-09 JDBC41 9.4 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 JDBC 4.1 1.7, 1.8 9.4-12122016-09 JDBC40 9.4 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4 JDBC 4.0 1.6 9.4-12122016-09 JDBC3 9.3 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 8.0, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3 JDBC 3.0 1.4, 1.5 9.3-11042015-01 JDBC2 8.3 7.x, 8.x JDBC 2.0 1.2, 1.3 8.3-6072010-05 Postgres JDBC are backward and forward compatible (current 42.5 JDBC42 driver supports Postgres 8.2 or newer).Postgres JDBC drivers are type 4 (100% pure java).Since version 8.0 they are available for download from Postgres JDBC page[NdE before they were available in the server source code] PostGIS PostgreSQL has several additional components.Among the others the geographical extension: PostGIS!(Source: PostGISGit (Master)TagsDocumentation): Version Status Features Last release Date (from) Date (last) Notes 3.4 Development 3.3 Production Require PG 11+, GEOS 3.6+, Proj 5.2+ 3.3.22022-082022-11 3.2 Production Requires PG 9.6+, GEOS 3.6+ Proj 4.9+; better with GEOS 3.10+, PG 14+ 3.2.42021-122022-11 3.1 Production GEOS 3.9 new features, performance enhancements 3.1.82020-122022-11 3.0 Production Requires Postgres 9.5+, best with Postgres 12+; GEOS 3.6+, Proj 6+. 3.0.82019-102022-11 2.5 Production Postgres 9.4-12 support. 2.5.92018-092022-11 2.4 Production Changed B-Tree index operators, dropped support for PostgreSQL 9.2.(2.4.4 2018-04): PgSQL 11 support 2.4.82017-092019-08 2.3ProductionCustom TOC in postgis_restore.pl, TopoGeom_addElement, TopoGeom_remElement, populate_topology_layer, support for 9.6 parallel query mode 2.3.102016-092019-08 2.2ProductionPROJ 4.6+, KNN works for all geometry types, Topology API in liblwgeom 2.2.82015-102018-11 2.1ProductionFaster! PostgreSQL 9.3 support. New functions for geography, geometry and topology. 2.1.92013-082017-09 2.0ProductionGEOS 3.3, PostgreSQL 9.1. New features: 3D (ST_3D*). Raster (based on GDAL). Topology. Geocoder -> TIGER 2010 US Census. 2.0.72012-042015-03 1.5Production up to pg 8.5; new Geography type for lat/lon; GML, KML format readers; better performance on distance calculation. (1.5.3): up to pg 9.1 (PostgreSQL 9.2 requires PostGis 2.0 or upper) (1.5.6): Added support for pg 9.2 (but not suggested) 1.5.92010-022012-11 1.4ProductionNew API. Requirements: pg >= 8.2, >= GEOS 3.0, >= PROJ4 4.5. Support for compound curves in a curve polygon (SQL-MM) 1.4.22009-032010-03 1.3ProductionEarly adoption of SQL-MM convention. (1.3.6) up to pg 8.4 1.3.62007-082009-05 1.2Production Curved geometry type support for serialization/deserialization; Point-in-polygon shortcircuit to the Contains and Within functions 1.2.12006-122007-01 1.1Production transform() performance; stable GEOS connectivity (GEOS 2.2); new functions; draft topology support. 1.1.72005-122007-01 1.0Production Small footprint data representation as default 1.0.62005-042005-12 0.xPreFirst release from Refractions Research. (0.8): Full support for SFSQL. 0.92001-052005-07PostGIS Soft Upgrades (eg. 2.0.1 to 2.0.3) are easy:shutdown the database, upgrade the software, restart, run a simple SQL commandto upgrade the EXTENSION (if Postgres version >= 9.1, with previuos releases and upgrade script is provided).PostGIS Hard Upgrades require a fresh new installation, a specific dump,a quite long update of DDL contained in the dump with postgis_restore.pl and the final restore.PostgreSQL / PostGIS Compatibility Matrix (Source: PostGIS) PostGIS PostgreSQL 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 7.x Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No 8.0 Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No 8.1 Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No 8.2 Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No 8.3 Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No 8.4 Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No 9.0 No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No 9.1 No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 9.2 No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No 9.3 No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No 9.4 No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No 9.5 No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No 9.6 No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 10 No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 11 No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No 12 No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 13 No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 14 No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes 15 No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes 16 No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes TimescaleDB TimescaleDB is the PostgreSQL Time-Series extension.(Sources: Git TimescaleDB)
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